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Multiple ChoiceHard 45s

Write skew under snapshot isolation

Two doctors each check that another doctor is on call, then both take leave, violating a rule that needs at least one. Under snapshot isolation this is possible because:
Options
  1. 1The two transactions write the exact same row version, so snapshot isolation should have flagged a conflict but let both commit
  2. 2Snapshot isolation lowers the effective isolation below read committed, which is why the anomaly is permitted and not blocked
  3. 3The database failed to acquire the row locks it needed, so it committed without validating against concurrent writers
  4. 4The transactions read overlapping data but write disjoint rows, so no write-write conflict is detected

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